Eye visual anatomy is the assembly of complicated parts and structure that helps to see this beautiful world.
What we see is the result of a series of events between the eye, brain, and outside world.
Anatomy of Eye Parts
- Eyeballs - The eye is a small ball that sits in a little hollow area called the eye socket in the skull.
- Conjunctiva - is a mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the front part of the eyeball.
- Eyelid - protects the eye and helps keep the eye clean and moist by opening and closing several times a minute called blinking. It happens both voluntarily (with our knowledge) and involuntarily (without our knowledge). If you bring your finger in front of the friend’s eye, the eyelid shoots off, that is it helps to protect from possible danger.
- Sclera - the white part of the eyeball, made of tough material covering most parts of the eyeball. There are tiny pink threads, and blood vessels that supply blood to the sclera.
- Aqueous Humor - is a clear, watery fluid that fills the front part of the eye between the cornea, lens, and iris.
- Cornea - the transparent dome in front of the eye, it transmits and focuses light into the eye. It looks like a clear glass window to view the world through.
- Iris - the colored part of the eye helps to regulate the amount of light that enters the eye. When a person has blue eyes, it really means that person has a blue iris!
- Pupil - is the dark center in the middle of the iris, which changes size in response to the amount of illumination to control the amount of light that is allowed into the eye.
- Anterior chamber - space between the cornea and the iris, filled with a special transparent fluid that nourishes the eye and keeps it healthy.
- Lens – is the transparent structure behind the iris that helps to focus light rays onto the retina.
- The choroid - is the middle layer of the eyeball, which contains veins and arteries that nourish the eye, especially the retina.
- Retina - is the nerve layer that lines the back of the eye, senses light, and creates nerve impulses that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain. The retina is comparable to the filming screen in a cinema hall.
- Macula - is a small area in the retina with special light-sensitive cells. It helps to see fine details clearly.
- Fovea - A tiny area located in the macula that is the area of the clearest vision on the retina.
- Optic nerve - the nerve that connects the eye to the brain, which carries the impulses formed by the retina to the brain, where it interprets as images.
- The ciliary muscle is suspended in a bunch of fibers, fibers in turn attached to a muscle called the ciliary muscle. It helps to change the shape of the lens to see & focus far and closer things.
- Vitreous - is the clear, jelly-like substance that fills the middle of the eye.
- Rod & cones – The retina has and uses 120 million rods and 7 million cones of special cells in each eye to process the light. Rod senses black, white, and shades of gray. They are very sensitive, and allow seeing even in the dark. Cones senses colors and needs brighter light than rods to perform well.
Visual information from the retina is transported from the eye to the brain via the optic nerve. Because both eyes see from slightly different positions, the brain can mix the two images in such a way as to receive a completely clear picture.