Common eye problems are classifying into two types; vision-related problems and eye-related diseases.
Eye conditions are classified into two categories
- Conditions related to vision – refractive errors of the vision, such as myopia, hyperopia, Astigmatism, Presbyopia, Color blindness, and Night blindness.
- Conditions related to the eye – eye diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts, diabetes retinopathy, dry eye syndrome, macular degeneration, and retinal detachment. Eye infections are conjunctivitis or pinkeye, Stye (a bump on the eyelid) and blepharitis.
Common vision problems (Refractive errors)
- Myopia - Myopia or nearsightedness is the most common vision problem, affecting more than one-third of the population (approximately 33%). Nearsightedness has difficulty seeing distance objects clearly, but the near vision is quite clear.
- Hyperopia - Hyperopia or farsightedness is the second most common vision problem, affecting one in four of the population (25%). Farsightedness has difficulty seeing the nearer objects clearly, but distance vision is quite clear.
- Astigmatism - Astigmatism is a common vision problem where the cornea is asymmetrically. Eyeglasses or toric contact lenses with different powers in two meridians are necessary to correct astigmatism.
- Amblyopia or lazy eye is the vision of one of the eyes is reducing because the eye and the brains are not coordinating (working together) properly.
- Presbyopia - Presbyopia is a common among older people (a normal process of aging); aging to make the eye lens loss its flexibility and thus its ability to accommodate and to produce a clear vision of near objects become difficult.
- Color Blindness - Color blindness should correctly mention as color vision deficiency, a problem related with color vision. These problems may range from a slight difficulty in identifying different color shades to not being able to identify any color.
- Night Blindness - Night blindness or nyctalopia is the inability to see clearly at night or in dull light. It is not a disorder by itself, but a symptom of an underlying disorder, commonly untreated myopia.
- Strabismus – are also commonly called as cross-eyed or wall eyed. It is a vision condition with inability to align both eyes concurrently under normal conditions. One or both of their eyes will turn in, out, up, or down.
Common eye problems or eye diseases
- Dry Eye Syndrome - Eyes feel dry, irritated, and painful then dry eye syndrome may suspect. Due to air conditioners, pollution, global worming, and cigarette smoke, only few people have left from the irritating symptoms of dry eyes.
- Glaucoma - Glaucoma is an eye disorder commonly associated with an unsafe buildup of internal eye pressure called as intraocular pressure or IOP. It can permanently damage the optic nerves that transmit visual information to the brain.
- Cataracts – Aging process make the eye lens lose its transparency, become both yellowish and cloudy called as cataract.
- Diabetes eye problems - Diabetes causes damages to numerous organs and tissues in the body, including the eyes.
- Macular Degeneration - It is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 65. Macular degeneration is often calling by AMD or ARMD. It is degeneration of the macula, part of the retina responsible for the sharp, central vision required to reading.
- Retinal detachment - occurs when a tear/hole form in the retina, permit fluid from the middle of the eye to flow underneath. This makes the layers of the retina to separate. Since the retina is responsible for sensing light entering the eye and sending nerve impulses to the brain. If the retina detaches, it no longer works as expected causing vision loss in the affected spot.
- Eye infections - Eyes can get infections from bacteria, fungi, viruses or other microbial agents. It can occur in different parts of the eye and can affect just one or both eyes. The most common eye infections are Conjunctivitis (or pinkeye), Stye (a bump on the eyelid) and blepharitis (Eyelid Inflammation).
- Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) - Retinitis pigmentosa is an eye disease that affects the retina. In RP, the retina cells start to degenerate, which causes side (peripheral) vision and night vision to diminish, and gradually affects the central vision as well.