Diabetes pancreas, liver & muscle cells
Glucose metabolism involves small intestine, pancreas, liver and muscle cell. If there are, any problem with any of this diabetes organ leads to defect in glucose metabolism and can develop diabetes.
Functions of Insulin hormone
Insulin is a hormone, which controls and comments (signals) the whole glucose metabolism process. When food is digested, glucose (first nutrient released from food, which energies the whole body) is released in the blood stream. On seeing the high level of glucose in blood, pancreas releases certain quantity of insulin with respect to the level of glucose in blood to normalize the blood-glucose level.
Insulin as a commenting signal
- to muscle cells that inform there is enough glucose available for consumption
- it is the commenting signal to liver to stop converting glycogen to glucose and releasing of glucose in the blood stream.
- if there is high level of glucose in blood than the normal requirement, then pancreas release’s high level of insulin with respect to the level of glucose. This high level of insulin is the blood is the commenting signal to liver to convert available excess glucose in blood to glycogen and store it for future requirements.
Diabetes pancreas
Diabetes may be caused if the pancreas that does not make enough insulin to control the blood-glucose level.
Diabetes and liver
Once after the body cells consume the required glucose, still if the blood-sugar level remains high. Then liver convert this excess sugar in the blood stream into glycogen and stores it.
For any reason if the blood-glucose level drops below a normal level, mostly when we are in fasting. Our liver immediately responds to this situation by converting glycogen to glucose and released into the blood stream for our energy needs.
If the liver releases glucose inappropriately, even when there is enough glucose in blood (and insulin in blood) may cause diabetes.
Diabetes Muscle cells
If the muscle cells do not consume glucose, even when there are enough glucose and insulin in the blood, called insulin resistance may cause diabetes.
Many studies confirm that a large quantity of fat storage in and around the abdominal organs affect the muscle cell’s sensitivity to the insulin hormone. Therefore, there is low utilization of insulin and thus the blood-glucose level in the blood stream remains high.
Understanding diabetes organ’s defect that causes Type 2 diabetes
- if the pancreas is not able to release, enough insulin (or needed excess quantity of insulin) may cause Type 2 diabetes.
- if the liver is not sensitive to insulin or/and mistakenly dump glucose into the blood stream even when enough glucose is already, exist may cause diabetes type 2.
- if the muscles’ cells are not sensitive to insulin (insulin resistance) or/and not properly use (burn) the available glucose may raise blood-glucose level causing diabetes.
Diabetes pancreas damage and Type 1 diabetes
- Most of the cases of Type 1 diabetes is due to autoimmune disorder. Our immune system mistakenly attacks the pancreas by considering it as an enemy and causing damage to “islet cells,” which releases insulin. So there is no or low insulin secretion.
- certain viruses may attack pancreas causing damage to “islet cells” that leads to no or low insulin secretion causing Type 1 diabetes.
- pancreatic disease – affect’s pancreas, leads to diabetes type 1.